Tsiku la Matenda a shuga a UN | Pewani Matenda a Shuga, Limbikitsani Ubwino

Pa Novembara 14, 2025, ndi tsiku la 19 la UN Diabetes Day, lomwe lili ndi mutu wotsatsira "Shuga ndi Umoyo". Ikugogomezera kuyika kuwongolera kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga pachimake cha chithandizo chamankhwala a shuga, zomwe zimathandiza odwala kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi akuluakulu 589 miliyoni (azaka 20-79) ali ndi matenda a shuga, omwe akuyimira 11.1% (1 mwa 9) azaka izi. Pafupifupi anthu 252 miliyoni (43%) sakudziwika, akukumana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga chikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka 853 miliyoni pofika 2050, chiwonjezeko cha 45%.

Etiology ndi Mitundu Yachipatala ya Matenda a Shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi mndandanda wa zovuta za metabolic syndromes zomwe zimakhudzana ndi shuga, mapuloteni, mafuta, madzi, ndi ma electrolyte, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyambitsa matenda monga majini, kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi, matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi poizoni wawo, poizoni waulere, komanso zinthu zamaganizidwe zomwe zimakhudza thupi. Zinthu izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa islet, insulin kukana, ndi zina zotero. Zachipatala, zimadziwika makamaka ndi hyperglycemia. Zochitika zodziwika bwino zimatha kukhala ndi polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, ndi kuwonda, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zizindikiro zitatu ndi kutayika kumodzi". Amagawidwa m'magulu amtundu woyamba wa shuga, Type 2 shuga, Gestational diabetes, ndi mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga.

Diabetes Detection Biomarkers

Ma islet autoantibodies ndi chizindikiro chakuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi cha ma cell a pancreatic β ndipo ndizizindikiro zazikulu zozindikiritsa matenda a autoimmune. Ma antibodies a Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), insulin antibodies (IAA), ndi ma islet cell antibodies (ICA) ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za immunological pakuzindikira matenda a shuga.

Kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa kuti kuzindikirika kophatikizana kumatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga a autoimmune. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma antibodies omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kumawonekera msanga, kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chamunthu chikuchulukirachulukira ku matenda a shuga.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa:

● Anthu omwe ali ndi ma antibodies atatu kapena kupitilira apo amakhala ndi chiopsezo chopitilira 50% chotenga matenda a shuga a Type 1 mkati mwa zaka zisanu.

● Anthu omwe ali ndi ma antibodies awiri ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi 70% mkati mwa zaka 10, 84% mkati mwa zaka 15, ndipo pafupifupi 100% amatha kudwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba pambuyo pa zaka 20.

● Anthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chimodzi chokha amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga a Type 1 pazaka 10 zokha ndi 14.5%.

Pambuyo powonekera kwa ma antibodies abwino, kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba kumayenderana ndi mitundu ya ma antibodies abwino, zaka zamawonekedwe a antibody, jenda, ndi HLA genotype.

Beier Amapereka Mayeso Okwanira a Matenda a Shuga

Njira zotsatsira matenda a shuga a Beier zikuphatikiza Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) ndi Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Kuzindikira kophatikizana kwa ma biomarkers kumathandizira kuzindikira koyambirira, kasamalidwe kaumoyo koyambirira, komanso kuchiza matenda a shuga, potero kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Zolozera:

1. Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Medical Association Association Endocrinologist Nthambi, Chinese Society of Endocrinology, et al. Chitsogozo chodziwitsa ndi kuchiza matenda amtundu woyamba ku China (2021 edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022, 14 (11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.

2. Chinese Women Medical Doctors Association Association Diabetes Professional Committee, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Health Management, China Health Promotion Foundation. Kugwirizana kwa akatswiri pakuwunika ndi kulowererapo kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ku China. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 2022, 16 (01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.